Оцінка стану автономної нервової системи у собак за варіабельностю серцевого ритму (оглядова стаття)
Ключові слова:
Автономна нервова система, варіабельність серцевого ритму, симпатична активність, парасимпатична активність, стрес у собак, ЕКГ-аналіз, ветеринарна медицина
Анотація
Цей огляд присвячений аналізу варіабельності серцевого ритму (ВСР) як інструменту для оцінки стану автономної (вегетативної) нервової системи (ВНС) у собак. Розглянуто анатомо-фізіологічні особливості ВНС у собак, включаючи її унікальні характеристики, такі як відсутність типових кардіальних сплетень і спеціалізована організація симпатичних і парасимпатичних шляхів. ВСР визначається як зміна інтервалів між послідовними серцевими скороченнями, що є ключовим маркером автономної регуляції та балансу між симпатичною і парасимпатичною гілками ВНС. У роботі детально описано методологію оцінки ВСР, зокрема часову та частотну області аналізу. Показано, що короткострокові записи ЕКГ (до 2 год) є оптимальними для собак через технічні й поведінкові обмеження. Оцінено основні параметри ВСР, такі як SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF і співвідношення LF/HF, які дозволяють диференціювати вплив симпатичної та парасимпатичної активності. Особливу увагу приділено практичному застосуванню ВСР у ветеринарній медицині, включаючи оцінку стресу, емоційного стану, післяопераційного відновлення, а також моніторинг серцево-судинних захворювань, таких як дегенеративна мітральна хвороба клапанів. Розглянуто потенційні обмеження методу, зокрема необхідність стандартизації протоколів вимірювання, а також вплив фізіологічних і породних особливостей на інтерпретацію результатів. Запропоновано напрямки для подальших досліджень, включаючи інтеграцію ВСР із іншими фізіологічними параметрами, вивчення взаємодії ВНС із системою емоційної регуляції та впливу різних зовнішніх факторів на ВСР. Огляд підтверджує важливість ВСР як універсального, неінвазивного біомаркера для оцінки стану ВНС у собак, що має значний потенціал для клінічного та дослідницького застосування.
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3. Bidoli, E. M. Y., Erhard, M. H., & Döring, D. (2022). Heart rate and heart rate variability in school dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 248, 105574. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APPLANIM.2022.105574
4. Bogucki, S., & Noszczyk-Nowak, A. (2015). Short-term heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy dogs. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 18(2), 307–312. https://doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2015-0040
5. Bogucki, S., & Noszczyk-Nowak, A. (2017). Short-term heart rate variability in dogs with sick sinus syndrome or chronic mitral valve disease as compared to healthy controls. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 20(1). 167–172 https://doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2017-0021
6. Calvert, C. A. (1998). Heart rate variability. Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, 28(6), 1409–1427. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(98)50129-5
7. Duan, H., Cai, X., Luan, Y., Yang, S., Yang, J., Dong, H., Zeng, H., Shao, L. (2021). Regulation of the autonomic nervous system on intestine. Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 700129. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.700129
8. Duranton, C., & Gaunet, F. (2018). Behavioral synchronization and affiliation: Dogs exhibit human-like skills. Learning & Behavior, 46(4), 364–373. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-018-0323-4
9. Duranton, C., Bedossa, T., & Gaunet, F. (2019). When walking in an outside area, shelter dogs (Canis familiaris) synchronize activity with their caregivers but do not remain as close to them as do pet dogs. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 133(3), 397–405. https://doi.org/10.1037/COM0000171
10. Egger, C. (2022). The autonomic nervous system. Manual of Equine Anesthesia and Analgesia, 110–118. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119631316.ch7
11. Faust, O., Hong, W., Loh, H. W., Xu, S., Tan, R.-S., Chakraborty, S., … Acharya, U. R. (2022). Heart rate variability for medical decision support systems: A review. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 145, 105407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105407
12. Friedmann, E., & Thomas, S. A. (1995). Pet ownership, social support, and one-year survival after acute myocardial infarction in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST). The American Journal of Cardiology, 76(17), 1213–1217. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(99)80343-9
13. Friedmann, E., Thomas, S. A., Stein, P. K., & Kleiger, R. E. (2003). Relation between pet ownership and heart rate variability in patients with healed myocardial infarcts. American Journal of Cardiology, 91(6), 718–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(02)03412-4
14. Grosso, G., Vezzosi, T., Briganti, A., Di Franco, C., Tognetti, R., & Mortola, J. P. (2021). Breath-by-breath analysis of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in dogs. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, 294. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESP.2021.103776
15. Hafez, O. A., & Chang, R. B. (2024). Regulation of cardiac function by the autonomic nervous system. Physiology. 1;40(3). https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00018.2024
16. Hanton, G., & Rabemampianina, Y. (2006). The electrocardiogram of the Beagle dog: reference values and effect of sex, genetic strain, body position and heart rate. Laboratory Animals, 40(2), 123–136. https://doi.org/10.1258/002367706776319088
17. Hernández-Domínguez, R. A., Herrera-Orozco, J. F., Salazar-Calderón, G. E., Chávez-Canales, M., Márquez, M. F., González-Álvarez, F., … Aceves-Buendía, J. J. (2024). Optogenetic modulation of cardiac autonomic nervous system. Autonomic Neuroscience, 255, 103199. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AUTNEU.2024.103199
18. Hirsch, J. A., & Bishop, B. (1981). Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in humans: how breathing pattern modulates heart rate. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 241(4), 620–629. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1981.241.4.h620
19. Holland, N., Robbins, T. W., & Rowe, J. B. (2021). The role of noradrenaline in cognition and cognitive disorders. Brain, 144(8), 2243–2256. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab111
20. Huang, M., Shah, A. J., Lampert, R., Bliwise, D. L., Johnson, D. A., Clifford, G. D., … Da Poian, G. (2024). Heart Rate Variability, Deceleration Capacity of Heart Rate, and Death: A Veteran Twins Study. Journal of the American Heart Association, 13(7), e032740. https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.123.032740
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2025-05-29
Як цитувати
Bobrytska, O. M., Khavin, O. V., Redko, V. I., Vodopianova, L. A., & Zhukova, I. O. (2025). Оцінка стану автономної нервової системи у собак за варіабельностю серцевого ритму (оглядова стаття). Ветеринарія, технології тваринництва та природокористування, (11), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.31890/vttp.2025.11.04
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