Сучасні проблеми контрацепції дрібних тварин в Україні і світі
Анотація
Анотація. Контрацепція дрібних тварин залишається ключовим інструментом управління популяцією безпритульних тварин, особливо в умовах воєнного стану в Україні, коли зростання кількості безпритульних собак та кішок посилює епізоотичні та соціальні ризики. В даній статті представлено результати аналізу сучасних підходів до контролю репродукції дрібних свійських тварин в Україні та світі, що дозволив сформувати комплексне уявлення про стан, проблеми та перспективи розвитку контрацептивних технологій, зосереджені вони у двох основних напрямках – хірургічній та нехірургічній контрацепції. Визначено, що хірургічна контрацепція пов’язана із суттєвими обмеженнями, зокрема ризиками анестезіологічних ускладнень, післяопераційних інфекцій, порушень ендокринного балансу, а також етичними дискусіями щодо масової стерилізації. Встановлено, що одним з найбільш значних ускладнень хірургічної стерилізації є синдром залишкової тканини яєчника, що виявляється рецидивами тічки, поведінковими змінами та ризиком розвитку гормонозалежних патологій. Встановлено, що поширеність даної патології недооцінена, а діагностика потребує поєднання клінічних, ультразвукових та гормональних методів. Ефективна терапія можлива тільки за повного видалення залишкової тканини. Показано, що гормональні засоби контрацепції, які застосовуються у ветеринарній медицині, мають різноманітні механізми дії, включаючи пригнічення овуляції, блокаду гіпоталамо-гіпофізарної регуляції та вплив на рецептори прогестерону. Однак їх використання пов’язане з ризиками – від метаболічних порушень та піометри до неоплазій, що обмежує тривале застосування та потребує суворого дотримання протоколів безпеки. Встановлено ключову роль гормональних контрацептивів у розвитку новоутворень молочної залози у сук та кішок, особливо при ранньому та тривалому застосуванні синтетичних прогестагенів, що підтверджує необхідність обережного використання гормональних препаратів та пошуку альтернативних методів контролю фертильності. Доведено, що імуноконтрацепція є перспективним інструментом контролю популяції безпритульних тварин, особливо в умовах обмежених ресурсів і неможливості масової хірургічної стерилізації. Вакцини, спрямовані проти гонадотропін-рилізинг гормону або рецепторів статевих гормонів, демонструють ефективність зниження фертильності, проте вимагають подальшої адаптації для поширення в Україні, а також оцінки тривалості дії та розробки схем застосування. Обґрунтовано перспективи розвитку нехірургічної контрацепції щодо впровадження інноваційних технологій, включаючи наноматеріали, таргетні системи доставки гормонів або імунобіологічних агентів, а також біосумісні імпланти пролонгованої дії, зокрема використання нанотехнологій відкриває можливості для підвищення ефективності, зниження токсичності та створення персоналізованих схем репродуктивного контролю.
Завантаження
Посилання
Ackermann, C. L., Volpato, R., Destro, F. C., Trevisol, E., Sousa, N. R., Guaitolini, C. R., Derussi, A. A., Rascado, T. S., & Lopes, M. D. (2012). Ovarian activity reversibility after the use of deslorelin acetate as a short-term contraceptive in domestic queens. Theriogenology, 78(4), 817–822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.03.030
Adams, L. R., & Muñoz, K. A. (2024). Owner survey suggests cats may be undertreated for pain compared to dogs after an elective ovariohysterectomy or orchiectomy. American journal of veterinary research, 85(7), ajvr.24.03.0055. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.03.0055
Ahmed, S., Jiang, X., Liu, G., Sadiq, A., Farooq, U., Wassie, T., Saleem, A. H., & Zubair, M. (2022). New trends in immunocastration and its potential to improve animal welfare: a mini review. Tropical animal health and production, 54(6), 369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03348-8
Asa, C. S. (2018). Contraception in Dogs and Cats. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice, 48(4), 733–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.02.014
Atero, N., Córdova-Bührle, F., Salgado-Caxito, M., Benavides, J. A., Fernández, M., Diethelm-Varela, B., Ramos, R., Sapiente Aguirre, C., Trujillo, F., Dürr, S., & Mardones, F. O. (2024). An assessment of the owned canine and feline demographics in Chile: registration, sterilization, and unsupervised roaming indicators. Preventive veterinary medicine, 226, 106185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106185
Azevedo, A., Peste, F., Linck, P., Carvalho, J., Crawshaw, D., Ferreira, E., Torres, R. T., & Bandeira, V. (2025). Social perceptions and attitudes towards free-roaming cats and dogs in Portugal: an exploratory study. Animals, 15(6), 771. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15060771
Ball, R. L., Birchard, S. J., May, L. R., Threlfall, W. R., & Young, G. S. (2010). Ovarian remnant syndrome in dogs and cats: 21 cases (2000–2007). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 236(5), 548–553. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.236.5.548
Benavides Melo, C. J., Astaíza Martínez, J. M., & Rojas, M. L. (2018). Complicaciones por esterilización quirúrgica mediante ovariohisterectomía en perras: revisión sistemática. Revista De Medicina Veterinaria, 37, 83-93. https://doi.org/10.19052/mv.vol1.iss37.10
Bender, S. C., Bergman, D. L., Wenning, K. M., Miller, L. A., Slate, D., Jackson, F. R., & Rupprecht, C. E. (2009). No adverse effects of simultaneous vaccination with the immunocontraceptive GonaCon and a commercial rabies vaccine on rabies virus neutralizing antibody production in dogs. Vaccine, 27(51), 7210–7213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.09.026
Benka, V. A., Sahrmann, J. M., Rieke, K., Briggs, J. R., Spofford, N., Zawistowski, S., Ruple, A., Romagnoli, S., & Morrison, J. A. (2025). Gonadectomy status and age are associated with variable risk of overweight or obese outcomes in 15 dog breeds: a retrospective cohort study using data from primary care veterinary clinics. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 263(7), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.12.0834
Benka, V. A., Scarlett, J. M., Sahrmann, J., Rieke, K., Briggs, J. R., Ruple, A., Zawistowski, S., Morrison, J. A., Spofford, N., & Romagnoli, S. (2023). Age at gonadectomy, sex, and breed size affect risk of canine overweight and obese outcomes: a retrospective cohort study using data from United States primary care veterinary clinics. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 261(9), 1316–1325. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.22.12.0596
Biancaniello, C. M., Rolph, K. E., Cavanaugh, S. M., Karnik, P., Peda, A., & Cavanaugh, R. P. (2024). Readability of postoperative discharge instructions is associated with complication rate in companion animals undergoing sterilisation. The Veterinary record, 194(5), e3796. https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.3796
Bicalho, G. C., de Oliveira, L. B. S., de Oliveira, C. S. F., Costa Val Bicalho, A. P. D., Bastos, C. V., Torres, C. M., Malm, C., de Souza, F. L., Lima, G. K., Maia, L. D. M. S., Villalta, L. C., de Carvalho, M. P. N., de Freitas, R. P., Goveia, V. R., Barrado, W. D. S., Oliveira, Y. F., & Soares, D. F. M. (2024). Realities, perceptions, and strategies for implementation of an ethical population management program for dogs and cats on university campuses. Frontiers in veterinary science, 11, 1408795. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1408795
Capozzi, A., Scambia, G., & Lello, S. (2022). Clinical pharmacology of progestins. Minerva obstetrics and gynecology, 74(4), 364–376. https://doi.org/10.23736/S2724-606X.21.04881-8
Collinson, A., Bennett, M., Brennan, M. L., Dean, R. S., & Stavisky, J. (2020). Evaluating the role of surgical sterilisation in canine rabies control: A systematic review of impact and outcomes. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 14(8), e0008497. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008497
Concannon, P. W. (2011). Reproductive cycles of the domestic bitch. Animal reproduction science, 124(3-4), 200–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.08.028
Cotterell, J., Rand, J., & Scotney, R. (2025). Urban cat management in australia-evidence-based strategies for success. Animals, 15(8), 1083. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15081083
Crawford, C., Rand, J., Forge, O., Rohlf, V., Bennett, P., & Scotney, R. (2025). A purr-suasive case for sterilization: how sterilizing working cats supports dairy farmers' wellbeing, improves animal welfare, and benefits the environment. Animals, 15(6), 766. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15060766
Crawford, C., Rand, J., Rohlf, V., Scotney, R., & Bennett, P. (2023). Solutions-based approach to urban cat management-case studies of a one welfare approach to urban cat management. Animals, 13(21), 3423. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13213423
Driancourt, M. A., & Briggs, J. R. (2020). Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonist Implants for Male Dog Fertility Suppression: A Review of Mode of Action, Efficacy, Safety, and Uses. Frontiers in veterinary science, 7, 483. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00483
Eade, J. A., Roberston, I. D., & James, C. M. (2009). Contraceptive potential of porcine and feline zona pellucida A, B and C subunits in domestic cats. Reproduction (Cambridge, England), 137(6), 913–922. https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-08-0471
Esmailnejad, A., Nikahval, B., Mogheiseh, A., Karampour, R., & Karami, S. (2020). The detection of canine anti-sperm antibody following parenteral immunization of bitches against homogenized whole sperm. Basic and clinical andrology, 30, 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12610-020-0100-z
Faustino, T. G., da Rosa Filho, R. R., Francischini, M. C. P., Brito, M. M., Angrimani, D. S. R., & Vannucchi, C. I. (2025). In situ uterine artery prostaglandin e2 and nitric oxide in open-cervix pyometra and medically treated bitches. Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics, 48(1), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13482
Feldman, E. C., & Nelson, R. W. (2015). Canine and feline endocrinology (4th ed.). Elsevier.
Ferré-Dolcet, L., & Romagnoli, S. (2023). Reversible control of reproduction in tom cats: medical options for manipulating libido and fertility. Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 25(5), 1098612X231171406. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X231171406
Fielding, H. R., Fernandes, K. A., V R, A., Belgayer, D., Misquita, A., Kenny, R., Gibson, A. D., Gamble, L., Bronsvoort, B. M. C., Mellanby, R. J., Handel, I., Rivett, D., Newman, K., King, R., Sayyed, I., Sayed, A., Lad, K., Yaraguda, M., Parate, A. D., Balagali, M. K., … Mazeri, S. (2025). Managing free-roaming domestic dog populations using surgical sterilisation: a randomised controlled trial. Scientific reports, 15(1), 14221. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98990-1
Fischer, A., Benka, V. A., Briggs, J. R., Driancourt, M. A., Maki, J., Mora, D. S., Morris, K. N., Myers, K. A., Rhodes, L., Vansandt, L. M., Weedon, G. R., Wolf, J., & Levy, J. K. (2018). Effectiveness of GonaCon as an immunocontraceptive in colony-housed cats. Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 20(8), 786–792. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X18758549
Fontes, G. S., & McCarthy, R. J. (2020). Ovarian remnant syndrome in a cat with ovarian tissue in the omentum. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 257(6), 631–634. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.257.6.631
Fraser, B., Wilkins, A., Whiting, S., Liang, M., Rebourcet, D., Nixon, B., & Aitken, R. J. (2024). Development of peptides for targeting cell ablation agents concurrently to the Sertoli and Leydig cell populations of the testes: An approach to non-surgical sterilization. PloS one, 19(4), e0292198. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292198
Furthner, E., Roos, J., Niewiadomska, Z., Maenhoudt, C., & Fontbonne, A. (2020). Contraceptive implants used by cat breeders in France: a study of 140 purebred cats. Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 22(10), 984–992. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X19901023
Galarde-López, M., Rosales-Moreno, E. D. R., Hernández-Méndez, S. E., Medina-Cháirez, A. R., Villavicencio-López, A. D., Pineda-Mundo, M., Núñez-Ruíz, O., & Reyna-Sevilla, A. (2024). Spatiotemporal analysis of a population management intervention for dogs and cats in a municipality in central Mexico. Veterinary world, 17(8), 1693–1701. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.1693-1701
Garde, E., Pérez, G. E., Vanderstichel, R., Dalla Villa, P. F., & Serpell, J. A. (2016). Effects of surgical and chemical sterilization on the behavior of free-roaming male dogs in Puerto Natales, Chile. Preventive veterinary medicine, 123, 106–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.11.011
Goericke-Pesch, S. (2010). Reproduction control in cats: new developments in non-surgical methods. Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 12(7), 539–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2010.05.005
Gorman, S. P., Levy, J. K., Hampton, A. L., Collante, W. R., Harris, A. L., & Brown, R. G. (2002). Evaluation of a porcine zona pellucida vaccine for the immunocontraception of domestic kittens (Felis catus). Theriogenology, 58(1), 135–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0093-691x(02)00904-4
Graves, J. L., McKenzie, B. A., Koch, Z., Naka, A., Spofford, N., & Morrison, J. (2023). Body weight, gonadectomy, and other risk factors for diagnosis of osteoarthritis in companion dogs. Frontiers in veterinary science, 10, 1275964. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1275964
Gupta, S. K., Toor, S., Minhas, V., Chaudhary, P., Raman, M., Anoop, S., & Panda, A. K. (2022). Contraceptive efficacy of recombinant porcine zona proteins and fusion protein encompassing canine ZP3 fragment and GnRH in female beagle dogs. American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 87(6), e13536. https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.13536
Hess, R. A., Park, C. J., Soto, S., Reinacher, L., Oh, J. E., Bunnell, M., & Ko, C. J. (2024). Male animal sterilization: history, current practices, and potential methods for replacing castration. Frontiers in veterinary science, 11, 1409386. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2024.1409386
Jacobs, T. M., Hoppe, B. R., Poehlmann, C. E., Ferracone, J. D., & Sorenmo, K. U. (2010). Mammary adenocarcinomas in three male cats exposed to medroxyprogesterone acetate (1990-2006). Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 12(2), 169–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2009.08.004
Keskin, A., Yilmazbas, G., Yilmaz, R., Ozyigit, M. O., & Gumen, A. (2009). Pathological abnormalities after long-term administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate in a queen. Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 11(6), 518–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2008.10.006
Knobel, D. L., Hanekom, J., van den Bergh, M. C., & Leisewitz, A. L. (2024). Effects of gonadectomy on the incidence rate of babesiosis and the risk of severe babesiosis in dogs aged 6 months and older at a veterinary academic hospital in South Africa: A case-control and retrospective cohort study. Preventive veterinary medicine, 230, 106293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106293
Ko, C. J., Rudolph, U., & Constable, P. (2024). A novel, humane method of sterilizing dogs, cats, and pigs. American journal of veterinary research, 85(11), ajvr.24.09.0258. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.24.09.0258
Koilpillai, J. N., Nunan, E., Butler, L., Pinaffi, F., & Butcher, J. T. (2024). Reversible contraception in males: an obtainable target?. Biology, 13(5), 291. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13050291
Ku, A. F., Sharma, K. L., Ta, H. M., Sutton, C. M., Bohren, K. M., Wang, Y., Chamakuri, S., Chen, R., Hakenjos, J. M., Jimmidi, R., Kent, K., Li, F., Li, J. Y., Ma, L., Madasu, C., Palaniappan, M., Palmer, S. S., Qin, X., Robers, M. B., Sankaran, B., … Matzuk, M. M. (2024). Reversible male contraception by targeted inhibition of serine/threonine kinase 33. Science (New York, N.Y.), 384(6698), 885–890. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adl2688
Kutzler, M. A., & Wood, A. (2006). Non-surgical methods of contraception and sterilization in dogs and cats. Theriogenology, 66(3), 514–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.04.014
Leelakajornkit, S., Kamdee, P., & Ponglowhapan, S. (2024). Unlocking perspectives on surgical sterilization in dogs and cats: A comprehensive study among Thai veterinary professionals. Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997), 307, 106206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106206
Levy, J. K., Mansour, M., Crawford, P. C., Pohajdak, B., & Brown, R. G. (2005). Survey of zona pellucida antigens for immunocontraception of cats. Theriogenology, 63(5), 1334–1341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.07.015
Levy, J.K., Friary, J.A., Miller, L.A., Tucker, S.J., & Fagerstone, K.A. (2011). Long-term fertility control in female cats with GonaCon™, a GnRH immunocontraceptive. Theriogenology, 76(8), 1517–1525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.06.022
Lindh, L., Lindeberg, H., Banting, A., Banting, S., Sainmaa, S., Beasley, S., Korhonen, H. T., & Peltoniemi, O. A. T. (2020). Administration of aromatase inhibitor MPV-2213ad to blue fox vixens (Vulpes lagopus) as a model for contraception in female dogs. Theriogenology, 152, 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.009
Liu, Y., Tian, Y., Zhao, X., Jiang, S., Li, F., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., Li, Y., Zhou, J., & Fang, F. (2015). Immunization of dogs with recombinant GnRH-1 suppresses the development of reproductive function. Theriogenology, 83(3), 314–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.06.029
Lopez Merlo, M., Faya, M., Blanco, P. G., Carranza, A., Barbeito, C., & Gobello, C. (2016). Failure of a single dose of medroxyprogesterone acetate to induce uterine infertility in postnatally treated domestic cats. Theriogenology, 85(4), 718–723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.013
Low, D., Costa, L., Hawkesby, J., Nardulli, L., Proteasa, A., & Vallios, V. (2025). The association between gonadectomy and timing of gonadectomy, and the risk of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Veterinary surgery, 54(2), 254–267. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.14197
Luzardo, O. P., Zaldívar-Laguía, J. E., Zumbado, M., & Travieso-Aja, M. D. M. (2023). The Role of veterinarians in managing community cats: a contextualized, comprehensive approach for biodiversity, public health, and animal welfare. Animals , 13(10), 1586. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13101586
MacDougall, L. D. (2003). Mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia in a young cat attributed to treatment with megestrol acetate. The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne, 44(3), 227–229.
Masson, S., Medam, T., Raibon, E., Fontaine, C., & Levy, X. (2021). Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of cyproterone acetate to prevent flare-up effect on dogs implanted with deslorelin. Frontiers in veterinary science, 8, 714154. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.714154
McDonald, J. L., Hodgson, D. J., Roberts, C., Finka, L., Halls, V., & Foreman-Worsley, R. (2025). Domestic cat management in the UK: learnings from a global perspective. Frontiers in veterinary science, 12, 1610123. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1610123
McKenzie, B. (2010) Evaluating the benefits and risks of neutering dogs and cats. CAB Reviews, 5(045), 1–18. Available at: https://www.cabi.org/cabreviews/review/20103275804
Mielo, M. R., Amirian, E. S., & Levy, J. K. (2022). Identification of spayed and neutered cats and dogs: Veterinary training and compliance with practice guidelines. Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997), 285, 105856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105856
Naumenko, S., Koshevoy, V., Chaus, N., Chuikova, O., Bublichenko, V., Gulevich, I., Yevlakhova, M., & Zemko, V. (2025). Current problems of domestic feline reproduction and prospects of their solution (review). Veterinary Science, Technologies of Animal Husbandry and Nature Management, 11, 117–130. https://doi.org/10.31890/vttp.2025.11.11
Naumenko, S., Koshevoy, V., Matsenko, O., Miroshnikova, O., Zhukova, I., & Bespalova, I. (2023). Antioxidant properties and toxic risks of using metal nanoparticles on health and productivity in poultry. Journal of World`s Poultry Research, 13(3), 292-306. https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2023.32
Navanukraw, P., Chotimanukul, S., Udomthanaisit, L., Setthawong, P., Saehlee, S., Seetaha, S., Choowongkomon, K., & Chatdarong, K. (2024). Antibody fragments targeting the extracellular domain of follicular stimulating hormone receptor for contraception in male dogs and cats. Theriogenology, 226, 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.06.005
Norsworthy, G. D. (2016). Use of megestrol in cats. Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 18(3), 248–249. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X16631235
Ochota, M. M., Nowak, M., Dzieciol, M., & Nizanski, W. (2014). Mammary adenocarcinoma after ten year medroxyprogesterone acetate supplementation in an ovariectomized cat. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 34(3), 406–409. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4757.0563
Oliveira Carneiro, I., Mattos, T. A. D. S., Freitas, S. M., Hlavac, N., Begon, M., Costa, F., Khalil, H., & Argibay, H. D. (2025). Socioeconomic vulnerability and the management of domestic animal hosts in urban environments: a one health issue. BMC veterinary research, 21(1), 699. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-05062-7
Oliveira-Martins, M., Portugal, M., Cardoso, L., & Martins-Bessa, A. (2023). The Impact of Pediatric Neutering in Dogs and Cats-A Retrospective Study. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 13(15), 2487. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13152487
Park, C. J., Minabe, S., Hess, R. A., Lin, P. P., Zhou, S., Bashir, S. T., Barakat, R., Gal, A., & Ko, C. J. (2023). Single neonatal estrogen implant sterilizes female animals by decreasing hypothalamic KISS1 expression. Scientific reports, 13(1), 9627. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36727-8
Park, J. M., Nguyen, H. D., Ngo, H. V., Yun, J. Y., Ha, M. J., Lee, K. W., & Lee, B. J. (2025). Comparative investigation of sublingual tablets containing oleic acid-conjugated leuprolide nanoparticles and permeation enhancers on disintegration, release rate, permeability and pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs. International journal of pharmaceutics, 678, 125738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125738
Pelaez, M., Echevarría, L., Soler-Tovar, D., & Falcón, N. (2019). Contraceptive methods in the population control of dogs: a point of view of veterinarians in the pet clinic. Veterinary Health and Technology, 6(2), 55. https://doi.org/10.20453/stv.v6i2.3459
Peña-Corona, S. I., Vaquera-Guerrero, M. A., Cerbón-Gutiérrez, J., Chávez-Corona, J. I., Iglesias-Reyes, A. E., Sierra-Reséndiz, A., Pérez-Rivero, J. J., Retana-Márquez, S., Vizcaino-Dorado, P. A., Quintanar-Guerrero, D., Leyva-Gómez, G., & Vargas-Estrada, D. (2025). Comprehensive evaluation and future perspectives of non-surgical contraceptive methods in female cats and dogs. Animals, 15(10), 1501. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15101501
Percival, A., Singh, A., Gartley, C., Balsa, I., Case, J. B., Mayhew, P. D., Oblak, M., Brisson, B. A., Runge, J. J., Valverde, A., Alex Zur Linden, R., & Gatineau, M. (2020). Single-port laparoscopic treatment and outcome of dogs with ovarian remnant syndrome: 13 Cases (2010-2018). Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 56(2), 114–119. https://doi.org/10.5326/JAAHA-MS-6923
Pereira, M., Grassi, A., Zakošek Pipan, M., Contato, G., Dal Ponte, G., Ghezzo, A., De Cramer, K. G. M., & Romagnoli, S. (2025). Efficacy, safety and interval from end of treatment to estrus in cats treated with an ultra-low dose megestrol acetate protocol for suppression of reproductive activity. Theriogenology, 246, 117530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2025.117530
Pipia, S. (2024). The effect of russia’s invasion of ukraine on non-human animals: international humanitarian law perspectives. Israel Law Review, 57(2), 265–287. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021223724000086
Pîrvu, A. M., Cappelleri, A., Sala, L., Banco, B., Giudice, C., Stefanello, D., Militaru, M., & Grieco, V. (2024). Mammary carcinoma in a male cat following long-term medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment: case report and review of the literature. Veterinary research communications, 48(6), 4021–4028. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10553-3
Place, N. J., Cheraskin, J. L., & Hansen, B. S. (2019). Evaluation of combined assessments of serum anti-Müllerian hormone and progesterone concentrations for the diagnosis of ovarian remnant syndrome in dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 254(9), 1067–1072. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.254.9.1067
Place, N. J., Hansen, B. S., Cheraskin, J. L., et al. (2011). Measurement of serum anti-Müllerian hormone concentration in female dogs and cats for diagnosis of ovarian remnant syndrome. Theriogenology, 76(4), 650–656. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638711403428
Poormohammad, M., Safari, M. H., Moghadam, S. E., Amarloie, O. A., Moghadam, M. F., Valitabar, P., & Moayer, F. (2026). A Comparative analysis of intratesticular versus intra-epididymal injections of clove essential oil on male dog sterilization. Veterinary medicine and science, 12(1), e70749. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70749
Properzi, R., Boschi, P., & Leonardi, F. (2019). Ovarian remnant syndrome after laparoscopic ovariectomy in a cat. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 69(4), 1305–1308. https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15906
Raekriang, N., Sattasathuchana, P., & Thengchaisri, N. (2025). Efficacy and sterilization resilience of silicone rubber bands as an alternative to suture ligation in feline orchiectomy. Veterinary world, 18(8), 2553–2562. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2025.2553-2562
Rand, J., Saraswathy, A., Verrinder, J., & Paterson, M. B. A. (2024). Outcomes of a community cat program based on sterilization of owned, semi-owned and unowned cats in a small rural town. Animals, 14(21), 3058. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14213058
Rhodes, L. (2017). New approaches to non-surgical sterilization for dogs and cats: Opportunities and challenges. Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene, 52(2), 327–331. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.12862
Ribeiro, I. M., Carvalho, R. P. R., Viana, A. G. A., Ramirez-Lopez, C. J., Silva, T. B. D., & Machado-Neves, M. (2026). Non-surgical sterilization of male animals using sclerosing agents: A systematic review of intratesticular and intraepididymal injection protocols. Reproductive biology, 26(1), 101101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repbio.2025.101101
Risso, A., Corrada, Y., Barbeito, C., Diaz, J. D., & Gobello, C. (2012). Long-term-release GnRH agonists postpone puberty in domestic cats. Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene, 47(6), 936–938. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.01994.x
Robbins, S. C., Jelinski, M. D., & Stotish, R. L. (2004). Assessment of the immunological and biological efficacy of two different doses of a recombinant GnRH vaccine in domestic male and female cats (Felis catus). Journal of reproductive immunology, 64(1-2), 107–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2004.08.004
Romagnoli, S., & Concannon, P. W. (2010). Clinical use of progestins in bitches. Theriogenology, 73(9), 1224–1231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.01.008
Romagnoli, S., & Ferre-Dolcet, L. (2022). Reversible control of reproduction in queens: Mastering the use of reproductive drugs to manipulate cyclicity. Journal of feline medicine and surgery, 24(9), 853–870. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X221118754
Romagnoli, S., Diana, A., Ferré-Dolcet, L., Fontaine, C., & Milani, C. (2023). Chronic use of deslorelin in dogs: six cases (2005-2022). Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 13(2), 265. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13020265
Root Kustritz, M. V. (2012). Effects of surgical sterilization on canine and feline health and on society. Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene, 47(4), 214–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02078.x
Salt, C., Morris, P. J., Wilson, D., Lund, E. M., & German, A. J. (2019). Association between life span and body condition in neutered client-owned dogs. Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 33(1), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15367
Sawada, T., Tamada, H., Inaba, T., & Mori, J. (1992). Prevention of estrus in the bitch with chlormadinone acetate administered orally. The Journal of veterinary medical science, 54(3), 595–596. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.54.595
Saxena, B. B., Clavio, A., Singh, M., Rathnam, P., Bukharovich, E. Y., Reimers, T. J., Jr, Saxena, A., & Perkins, S. (2003). Effect of immunization with bovine luteinizing hormone receptor on ovarian function in cats. American journal of veterinary research, 64(3), 292–298. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.292
Saxena, B. B., Clavio, A., Singh, M., Rathnam, P., Bukharovich, Y., Reimers, T., Jr, Saxena, A., & Perkins, S. (2002). Modulation of ovarian function in female dogs immunized with bovine luteinizing hormone receptor. Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene, 37(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0531.2002.00331.x
Shkodina, A. D., Chopra, H., Singh, I., Ahmad, S., & Boiko, D. I. (2022). Healthcare system amidst the war in Ukraine. Annals of medicine and surgery 2012(80), 104271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104271
Simpson, M., Albright, S., Wolfe, B., Searfoss, E., Street, K., Diehl, K., & Page, R. (2019). Age at gonadectomy and risk of overweight/obesity and orthopedic injury in a cohort of Golden Retrievers. PloS one, 14(7), e0209131. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209131
Sumner, C. L., Walker, J. K., & Dale, A. R. (2022). The implications of policies on the welfare of free-roaming cats in New Zealand. Animals, 12(3), 237. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030237
Valiente, C., Diaz, J. D., Rosa, D. E., Mattioli, G., García Romero, G., & Gobello, C. (2009). Effect of a GnRH antagonist on GnRH agonist-implanted anestrous bitches. Theriogenology, 72(7), 926–929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.06.011
Valle, A. C. V., Valle, M. L. P. V., & Padre, A. (2025). Integrative treatment of mammary neoplasm in a cat induced by injectable hormonal contraceptive. Integrative Journal of Veterinary Biosciences, 9(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.31038/IJVB.2025912
van Goethem, B., Schaefers-Okkens, A., & Kirpensteijn, J. (2006). Making a rational choice between ovariectomy and ovariohysterectomy in the dog. Veterinary Surgery, 35(2), 136–143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532‑950X.2006.00124.x
van Nimwegen, S. A., Van Goethem, B., de Gier, J., & Kirpensteijn, J. (2018). A laparoscopic approach for removal of ovarian remnant tissue in 32 dogs. BMC veterinary research, 14(1), 333. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-018-1658-y
Velkovska, M., Pereira, M., Zakošek Pipan, M., Pavlin, D., Ferré-Dolcet, L., Normando, S., & Romagnoli, S. (2025). Behavioral changes in cats following deslorelin implantation or surgical gonadectomy. Veterinary sciences, 12(5), 430. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12050430
Wallace, M. S. (1991). The ovarian remnant syndrome in the bitch and queen. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 21(3), 501–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195‑5616(91)50056‑5
Wang, C., Yang, C., Zeng, Y., & Zhang, M. (2023). GnRH-immunocastration: an alternative method for male animal surgical castration. Frontiers in veterinary science, 10, 1248879. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1248879
Xu, Y., Zhao, W., Zhu, Y., Sun, B., Wu, C., & Yin, Y. (2025). Preparation and immunogenicity evaluation of a ferritin-based gnrh nanoparticle vaccine. Vaccines, 13(8), 781. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13080781
Zambelli, D., Ballotta, G., Guerra, D., & Cunto, M. (2025). Ovarian remnant syndrome in bitches and queens: Clinical aspects and potential neoplastic transformations. Animals, 15(21), 3106. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15213106
Zumpano, R., Tortosa, A., & Degregorio, O. J. (2011). Estimación del impacto de la esterilización en el índice de crecimiento de la población de caninos. Revista de investigaciones veterinarias del Perú, 22(4), 336-341. https://doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v22i4.333
Переглядів анотації: 23 Завантажень PDF: 11


